Trading One Kind of Dogmatism for Another: Comments on Williams' Criticism of Aggripan Scepticism
Publiée 2013-09-30
Mots-clés
Comment citer
Téléchargements
Altmetrics
Citas
Résumé
Se discute el análisis de M. Williams (1999, 2001 and 2004b) de la Concepción de la Fundamentación Previa de la justificación epistémica (CFP) –una concepción supuestamente detrás del trilema de Agripa– y se le contrasta con la Concepción del Desafío por Defecto (CDD) – la concepción alternativa de la justificación epistémica propugnada por Williams. Se argumenta que los privilegios epistémicos predeterminados de la CDD son un eufemismo para estipulaciones epistémicamente arbitrarias, asimismo se argumenta que mientras el CFP puede conducir a paradojas escépticas, la CDD conduce a un pancriticismo paradójico y que cuál de estas dos paradojas preferir es un asunto de gusto o temperamento. Finalmente se arguye que la CDD no es ni una adecuada descripción de nuestra práctica filosófica, ni tampoco de nuestra práctica epistémica cotidiana. Se concluye entonces que la CFP es la concepción superior, aun si pudiese conducir al escepticismo pirrónico. Concluimos argumentando abiertamente en favor de un tipo de dogmatismo no epistémico con implicaciones pirrónicas para las presuposiciones absolutas de la ciencia (algunos de los dogmas serían por ejemplo, criterios de evidencia adecuada, criterios de creencia racional, criterios de acción racional, criterios de metas deseables, etc.) Estas consecuencias, sin embargo, no tienen por qué ser incompatibles con la investigación científica.
Références
- Alston, W. (1986), “Epistemic Circularity”, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 47, 1:1-30.
- —. (1993), The Reliability of Sense Perception. Cornell University Press: Ithaca, USA.
- Austin, J. (1961), Philosophical Papers. OUP: Oxford, UK.
- Bach, K. (1985), “A Rationale for Reliabilism”, The Monist, 68: 247-263.
- —. (1984), “Default Reasoning: Jumping to Conclusions and Knowing When to Think Twice”, Philosophical Quarterly, 65: 37-58.
- Barnes, J. (1990), The Toils of Scepticism. CUP: Cambridge, UK.
- Bartley, W. W. (1984), The Retreat to Commitment. Open Court. Illinois.
- Brandom, R. (1994), Making it explicit, HUP: Harvard, Mass.
- Carroll, L. (1896), Symbolic Logic. Edited by W. W. Bartley, III.
- Clarkson N. Potter, Inc., Publishers, New York, 1977.
- Cíntora, A. (2005), Los Presupuestos Irracionales de la Racionalidad. Anthropos. Barcelona, España.
- —. (2006), “Are Impossible Goals Rational? The Proceedings of the Twenty-first World Congress of Philosophy. Volume 9: Philosophical Anthropology. Ed. Stephen Vos.
- —. (2010), “Pirronismo y Conocimiento Científico”, Revista de Filosofía, Universidad de Chile, 66, 79-92.
- Cling, A. (2009), “Reasons, regresses, and tragedy: The epistemic regress problem and the problem of the criterion”, American Philosophical Quaterly, 46: 333-346.
- —. (2004), “The trouble with infinitism”, Synthese, 138: 101- 123.
- Cohen, S. (1988), “How to be a Fallibilist”, Philosophical Perspectives, 2: 91-123.
- Collingwood, R. (1940), An Essay in Metaphysics. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.
- DeRose, K. (1999), “Contextualism: An Explanation and Defense”, The Blackwell Guide to Epistemology, J. Greco and E. Sosa (eds.), Blackwell Publishing: Oxford, 187- 205.
- —. (1995), “Solving the Skeptical Problem”, Philosophical Perspectives, 2, 91-123.
- Fogelin, R. (1994), Pyrrhonian Reflections on Knowledge and Justification. Oxford University Press.
- Grundmann, T. (2004), “Inferential Contextualism, Epistemological Realism and Scepticism: Comments on Williams, Erkenntnis, 61: 345-352.
- Hankinson, R. (1995), The Sceptics, Routledge: NY, USA.
- Horty, J. (2012), Reasons as Defaults, Oxford: OUP.
- Humer, M. (2001). Skepticism and the Veil of Perception, Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield.
- Klein, P. (2005), “Infinistism is the Solution to the Regress Problem”, Contemporary Debates in Epistemology, E. Sosa and M. Steup, (eds.), pp. 131-139.
- —. (2000), “Why not Infinitism?, Epistemology: Proceedings of the Twentieth World Congress in Philosophy, R. Cobb-Stevens, (ed.), 5, pp. 199-208.
- Lakatos, I. and Musgrave, A. (eds.) (1970), Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge. Cambridge University Press.
- Leite, A. (2008), “Believing one’s reasons are good”, Synthese, 161: 419-441.
- Lammenranta, M. (2008), “The Pyrrhonian Problematic”. The Oxford Handbook of Skepticism, John Greco (ed.)
- Lewis, D. (1996), “Elusive Knowledge”, Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 74, 4: 549-67.
- Ornelas, J. y Cíntora A. (forthcoming). “¿Qué está mal con el dogmatismo de Pryor?” Areté, 25, 1, diciembre 2013.
- Popper, R. Karl. (1945), The Open Society and its Enemies. Routledge, London.
- Pryor, J. (2004), “What’s Wrong with Moore’s Argument?”, Philosophical Issues, 14, Epistemology, E. Sosa and E. Villanueva, (eds.), Blackwell Publishing, USA, 349-378.
- —. (2000), “The Skeptic and the Dogmatist”, Nous, 4, 517-549.
- Rescorla, M. (2009), “Epistemic and Dialectical Regress”, Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 87, 1: 43-60.
- Sextus Empiricus. (2000), Outlines of Scepticism, tr. Jonathan Barnes and Julia Annas, CUP, Cambridge, UK.
- Sosa, E. (2004), “Circularity and Epistemic Priority”, The Externalist Challenge, R. Schantz (ed.), Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 113-122.
- Strawson, P. (1985), Skepticism and Naturalism: some varieties, London: Methuen.
- —. (1994), “Philosophical Scepticism and Epistemic Circularity”, Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volume, 68: 263-290.
- Stroud, B. (1996), “Epistemological Reflections on Knowledge of the External World, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 56, 2: 345-58.
- —. (1989), “Understanding Human Knowledge in General”, Knowledge and Scepticism, M. Clay and K. Lehrer, (eds.), Boulder, Colo.: West View Press.
- —. (1984), The Significance of Philosophical Scepticism, OUP: USA.
- Williams, M. (2004a). “Knowledge, Reflection and Sceptical Hypoheses”, Erkenntnis, 61: 315-343.
- —. (2004b). “The Agrippan Argument and Two Forms of Skepticism”, Pyrrhonian Skepticism, Walter Sinnot-Armstrong, (ed.), Oxford University Press, USA, pp. 121-145.
- —. (2001), Problems of Knowledge: a critical introduction to epistemology. Oxford University Press. UK.
- —. (1999a), “Scepticism”, The Blackwell Guide to Epistemology, John Greco and Ernest Sosa, (eds.), Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 35-69.
- —. (1999b), Groundless Beliefs, Princeton University Press: Princeton, USA.
- —. (1996), “Understanding Human Knowledge Philosophically”, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 56, 2: 359-78.
- —. (1992), Unnatural Doubts. Epistemological Realism and the Basis of Scepticism, Princeton University Press: Princeton, USA.
- Wittgenstein, L. (1975), On Certainty. G. E. M. Anscombe, and George Henrik von Wright (eds). Blackwell. UK.
- Woodruff, P. (2010), “The Pyrrhonian Modes,” The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Scepticism, R. Bett, (ed.), CUP, Cambridge, UK, 208–231.
- Wright, C. (2007), “The Perils of Dogmatism”. En: Nuccetelli y Seay (eds.), Themes from G. E. Moore: New Essays on Epistemology and Ethics, pp. 25-48.
- —. (2004), “Warrant for Nothing (and Foundations for Free)?,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume, 78, pp. 167-212.
- Worrall, J. (1989), “Fix it and be Damned: A Reply to Laudan”, Brit. J. Phil. Sci. 40: 376-388. Great Britain.