Publicado 2025-12-07
Palabras clave
- procesos de estructuración,
- instituciones,
- comunidades,
- hábitos,
- agencia
- ontología realista,
- Latinoamérica,
- movimientos sociales,
- construccionismo social,
- Dave Elder-Vass ...Más
Derechos de autor 2025 Tópicos. Revista de Filosofía

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
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Resumen
Con base en las teorías de la ontología realista, el construccionismo social moderado y el replanteamiento de los movimientos sociales, este artículo explora la interacción dinámica entre las instituciones y las comunidades desde la perspectiva de la estructuración social contemporánea. Destacamos el papel de los hábitos no solo como mecanismos de restricción, sino también como facilitadores de la acción y el cambio. La idea central es que las instituciones tienen su origen en los hábitos y las influencias pautadas: las instituciones y la agencia se moldean mutuamente, lo que desafía la noción convencional de que las instituciones existen independientemente de la agencia y dependen del liderazgo centralizado del Estado. Comprender las instituciones es más que simplemente comprender cómo las personas interpretan los marcos normativos preexistentes: dado que las instituciones se forman a partir de la práctica colectiva, no son trascendentales con respecto a las comunidades. También exploramos la idea de que, en lugar de ofrecer una imagen de individuos que presionan al Estado para que adopte reformas, es necesario describir las trayectorias comunitarias y los esfuerzos colectivos para promover procesos de diferenciación a fin de alcanzar una comprensión matizada de los movimientos sociales. Contextualizamos esa idea en los debates latinoamericanos recientes sobre la movilización y las luchas sociales. Concluimos que ser diferente no significa reclamar el poder del Estado o presentarse como representante del pueblo. Para comprender el cambio de la realidad y el papel de un movimiento social, hay que considerar herramientas conceptuales y metodológicas renovadas para evitar la simplificación empírica y la reducción de la causalidad de las prácticas contingentes y las composiciones comunitarias.
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